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Introduction: The gerontological social work is considered as a profession of social work to help elderly and their families. One of the beliefs of the population is an alarm increasing in the elderly population.
Demographers predict that the elderly population will increase to 2 billion people by 2050. However, many elderly are faced with poverty and other problems such as limited access to health care services. It seems that social work services are faced with a wide range of demands to meet the needs of this growing population. In this review article, we discuss the importance of Gerontological Social Work and then we introduce the role of gerontological social workers and their challenges.
Methodology: In this study, articles, books, and documents related to the gerontological social work were reviewed based on library and documentary method.
Results: In general, gerontological social work services include a range of institutional care to community-based care. These services include case management, crisis intervention, mental health care, daily care, elderly daily centers, and home assistance. Of course, there is more interest in community-based services, because the purpose of community-based services is, enabling the elderly to age in their homes and workplaces.
Conclusions: Awareness of the role and activities of gerontological social workers will lead to greater use of the ability of workers to help seniors and their families to cope and adapt and coexist with complex situations.

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Introduction: Because of the important role of different psychological factors, which influence the experiences of elderly. The current study presents a comparative study of feeling lonely between retired and labor elderly men.
Methods: This research is kind of non-empirical and casual-comparative(ex post facto) studies. The statistical population of this study was all of the retired or labor elderly men of the Qorveh County(Kurdistan province); who were evaluated in 2016. Sample group consisted of 292 men(146 labor and 146 retired elderly men); who were selected through convenience sampling method. The participants were evaluated through the loneliness scale of University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA).  For the comparison of the two group averages, the student's t-test was used. For data analyzing; analysis of variance(ANOVA) was also used.
Results: According to the findings of this study, there was a significant difference between the loneliness experience of the retired and labor elderly men. As well, the elderly workers experience a greater extent of loneliness.(P<0.01)
Conclusions: Occupational and social status affects the loneliness experience. The lower quality of the occupational status and its social evaluation leads to a greater extent of loneliness. Meanwhile, the elderly labors report more extent of loneliness; which confirms this issue.

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Introduction: Given the growing population of the elderly, understanding the factors related to the lives of the elderly is necessary to plan and help promote their mental health. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of death anxiety on mental distress in Semnan province's ecotourist elderly with the mediation of mindfulness.
Methods: This study is applied and descriptive in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of the elderly over sixty years old in Semnan province who had at least three times ecotourism during spring to summer of 2019. The statistical sample size was estimated at one hundred ninety-five people. The data collection tools were questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Lisrel software. 
Results: The findings showed that death anxiety positively affected elderly mental distress directly and indirectly. Death anxiety had a negative direct effect on mindfulness; mindfulness negativly and directly affected mental distress. 
Conclusions: Participation in activities such as ecotourism will increase the level of mindfulness and consequently mental health. It also decreases anxiety of death and mental distress.