Introduction: Because female-headed households due to divorce, death, addiction and downtime wife, are considered among the vulnerable population This research aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive self-compassion training on self-efficacy in women headed house -holds.
Methods: This research was a queasy-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all women headed households of Rasht city in 2015. Thirty women were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (each group contain 15 person). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes educated by cognitive self-compassion training and control group didn’t receive any training. The groups completed the questionnaire of self-efficacy as a pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance method with using of SPSS19 software. 
Results: The results showed there was significant difference between Cognitive Self-Compassion training group and control group on variables of self-efficacy. On the other hand cognitive self-compassion training led to significant increase self-efficacy of women headed house -holds. (P<0/01)
Conclusions: Regarded to results of this research suggest that counselors, therapists and clinical psychologist can use cognitive self-compassion training method for improving self-efficacy of women headed households.